| |
| |
| |
|
Home ----
Europe
( M
) ----
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of |
|
| |
|
|
 |
|
|
 |
National Map
Of |
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
National Flag
Of |
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of |
|
|
Flag Description:
a yellow sun with eight broadening rays extending to the
edges of the red field
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
National Emblem(Coat Of Arms)
Of |
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
National Anthem
Of |
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of |
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Categories National Symbol Of |
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Background:
|
International recognition of Macedonia's independence
from Yugoslavia in 1991 was delayed by Greece's
objection to the new state's use of what it considered a
Hellenic name and symbols. Greece finally lifted its
trade blockade in 1995 and the two countries agreed to
normalize relations, although differences over
Macedonia's name remain. The undetermined status of
neighboring Kosovo, implementation of the Framework
Agreement - which ended the 2001 ethnic Albanian armed
insurgency - and a weak economy continue to be
challenges for Macedonia. |
|
Location:
|
Southeastern Europe, north of Greece |
|
Geographic coordinates:
|
41 50 N,
22 00 E |
|
Map references:
|
Europe
|
|
Area:
|
total:
25,333 sq km
land: 24,856 sq km
water: 477 sq km |
|
Area - comparative:
|
slightly
larger than Vermont |
|
Land boundaries:
|
total:
766 km
border countries: Albania 151 km, Bulgaria 148
km, Greece 246 km, Serbia and Montenegro 221 km |
|
Coastline:
|
0 km
(landlocked) |
|
Maritime claims:
|
none
(landlocked) |
|
Climate:
|
warm, dry
summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with
heavy snowfall |
|
Terrain:
|
mountainous territory covered with deep basins and
valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier
line; country bisected by the Vardar River |
|
Elevation extremes:
|
lowest
point: Vardar River 50 m
highest point: Golem Korab (Maja e Korabit) 2,764
m |
|
Natural resources:
|
low-grade
iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, manganese,
nickel, tungsten, gold, silver, asbestos, gypsum,
timber, arable land |
|
Land use:
|
arable
land: 22.26%
permanent crops: 1.81%
other: 75.93% (2001) |
|
Irrigated land:
|
550 sq km
(1998 est.) |
|
Natural hazards:
|
high
seismic risks |
|
Environment - current issues:
|
air
pollution from metallurgical plants |
|
Environment - international agreements:
|
party
to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species,
Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected
agreements |
|
Geography - note:
|
landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western
and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to
Western Europe |
|
Population:
|
2,045,262
(July 2005 est.) |
|
Age structure:
|
0-14
years: 20.5% (male 217,057/female 202,465)
15-64 years: 68.7% (male 707,489/female 697,150)
65 years and over: 10.8% (male 97,117/female
123,984) (2005 est.) |
|
Median age:
|
total:
32.8 years
male: 31.7 years
female: 33.9 years (2005 est.) |
|
Population growth rate:
|
0.26%
(2005 est.) |
|
Birth rate:
|
12
births/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
|
Death rate:
|
8.73
deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
|
Net migration rate:
|
-0.7
migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
|
Sex ratio:
|
at
birth: 1.08 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
|
|
Infant mortality rate:
|
total:
10.09 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 10.2 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 9.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
|
|
Life expectancy at birth:
|
total
population: 73.73 years
male: 71.28 years
female: 76.37 years (2005 est.) |
|
Total fertility rate:
|
1.57
children born/woman (2005 est.) |
|
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|
less than
0.1% (2001 est.) |
|
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|
less than
200 (2003 est.) |
|
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|
less than
100 (2003 est.) |
|
Nationality:
|
noun:
Macedonian(s)
adjective: Macedonian |
|
Ethnic groups:
|
Macedonian 64.2%, Albanian 25.2%, Turkish 3.9%, Roma
2.7%, Serb 1.8%, other 2.2% (2002 census) |
|
Religions:
|
Macedonian Orthodox 32.4%, other Christian 0.2%, Muslim
16.9%, other and unspecified 50.5% (2002 census) |
|
Languages:
|
Macedonian 66.5%, Albanian 25.1%, Turkish 3.5%, Roma
1.9%, Serbian 1.2%, other 1.8% (2002 census) |
|
Literacy:
|
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 96.1%
male: 98.2%
female: 94.1% (2002 est.) |
|
Country name:
|
conventional long form: Republic of Macedonia
conventional short form: Macedonia; note - the
provisional designation used by the UN, EU, and NATO is
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)
local long form: Republika Makedonija
local short form: Makedonija
former: People's Republic of Macedonia, Socialist
Republic of Macedonia |
|
Government type:
|
parliamentary democracy |
|
Capital:
|
Skopje
|
|
Administrative divisions:
|
85
municipalities (opstini, singular - opstina); Aerodrom
(Skopje), Aracinovo, Berovo, Bitola, Bogdanci,
Bogovinje, Bosilovo, Brvenica, Butel (Skopje), Cair
(Skopje), Caska, Centar (Skopje), Centar Zupa, Cesinovo,
Cucer-Sandevo, Debar, Debartsa, Delcevo, Demir Hisar,
Demir Kapija, Dojran, Dolneni, Drugovo, Gazi Baba
(Skopje), Gevgelija, Gjorce Petrov (Skopje), Gostivar,
Gradsko, Ilinden, Jegunovce, Karbinci, Karpos (Skopje),
Kavadarci, Kicevo, Kisela Voda (Skopje), Kocani, Konce,
Kratovo, Kriva Palanka, Krivogastani, Krusevo, Kumanovo,
Lipkovo, Lozovo, Makedonska Kamenica, Makedonski Brod,
Mavrovo i Rastusa, Mogila, Negotino, Novaci, Novo Selo,
Ohrid, Oslomej, Pehcevo, Petrovec, Plasnica, Prilep,
Probistip, Radovis, Rankovce, Resen, Rosoman, Saraj
(Skopje), Skopje, Sopiste, Staro Nagoricane, Stip,
Struga, Strumica, Studenicani, Suto Orizari (Skopje),
Sveti Nikole, Tearce, Tetovo, Valandovo, Vasilevo,
Veles, Vevcani, Vinica, Vranestica, Vrapciste, Zajas,
Zelenikovo, Zelino, Zrnovci
note: the ten municipalities followed by Skopje
in parentheses collectively constitute "greater Skopje"
|
|
Independence:
|
8
September 1991 (referendum by registered voters
endorsing independence from Yugoslavia) |
|
National holiday:
|
Uprising
Day, 2 August (1903); note - also known as Saint
Elijah's Day and Ilinden |
|
Constitution:
|
adopted
17 November 1991, effective 20 November 1991; amended
November 2001 by a series of new constitutional
amendments strengthening minority rights |
|
Legal system:
|
based on
civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
|
|
Suffrage:
|
18 years
of age; universal |
|
Executive branch:
|
chief
of state: President Branko CRVENKOVSKI (since 12 May
2004)
head of government: Prime Minister Vlado
BUCKOVSKI (since 17 December 2004)
cabinet: Council of Ministers elected by the
majority vote of all the deputies in the Assembly; note
- current cabinet formed by the government coalition
parties SDSM, LDP, and BDI
elections: president elected by popular vote for
a five-year term; two-round election last held 14 April
and 28 April 2004 (next to be held April 2009); prime
minister elected by the Assembly; election last held 1
November 2002 (next to be held NA 2006)
election results: Branko CRVENKOVSKI elected
president on second-round ballot; percent of vote -
Branko CRVENKOVSKI 62.7%, Sasko KEDEV 37.3%; Vlado
BUCKOVSKI elected prime minister by the Assembly |
|
Legislative branch:
|
unicameral Assembly or Sobranie (120 seats - members
elected by popular vote from party lists based on the
percentage of the overall vote the parties gain in each
of six electoral districts; all serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 15 September 2002 (next to
be held NA 2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%;
seats by party - Together for Macedonia coalition 60
(SDSM 43, LDP 12, others 5), VMRO-DPMNE 33 (VMRO 28 and
LDT 5), Democratic Union for Integration 16, Democratic
Party of Albanians 7, Party for Democratic Prosperity 2,
National Democratic Party 1, Socialist Party of
Macedonia 1 |
|
Judicial branch:
|
Supreme
Court - the Assembly appoints the judges; Constitutional
Court - the Assembly appoints the judges; Republican
Judicial Council - the Assembly appoints the judges |
|
Political parties and leaders:
|
Democratic Alliance [Pavle TRAJANOV]; Democratic
Alternative or DA [Vasil TUPURKOVSKI, president];
Democratic League of the Bosniaks [Rafet MUMINOVIC];
Democratic Party of Albanians or PDSH/DPA [Arben
XHAFERI, president]; Democratic Party of Serbs [Ivan
STOILJKOVIC]; Democratic Party of Turks [Kenan HASIPI];
Democratic Republican Union of Macedonia or DRUM [Dosta
DIMOVSKA]; Democratic Union of Vlachs for Macedonia
[leader NA]; Democratic Union for Integration or BDI/DUI
[Ali AHMETI]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary
Organization-Agrarian Party or VMRO-Agrarian Party
[Marjan GJORCEV]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary
Organization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National
Unity or VMRO-DPMNE (including VMRO and LDT) [Nikola
GRUEVSKI]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary
Organization-True Macedonian Option or VMRO-Vistinska
[Boris ZMEJKOVSKI]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary
Organization-Macedonian [Boris STOJMENOV]; Internal
Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-People's Party or
VMRO-Narodna [Vesna JANEVSKA]; League for Democracy
[Gjorgi MARJANOVIC]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP
[Risto PENOV]; Liberal Party [Stojan ANDOV]; National
Democratic Party or PDK [Basri HALITI]; National
Farmers' Party [Vejljo TANTAROV]; Party for Democratic
Prosperity or PPD/PDP [Abduljhadi VEJSELI]; Social
Democratic Alliance of Macedonia or SDSM [Vlado
BUCKOVSKI, president]; Socialist Party of Macedonia or
SP [Ljubisav IVANOV, president]; Together for Macedonia
coalition (including the SDSM and LDP) [Vlado BUCKOVSI];
United Party for Emancipation or OPE [Nezdet MUSTAFA]
|
|
Political pressure groups and leaders:
|
Civic
Movement of Macedonia [Gordana SILJANOVSKA]; Movement
for Macedonia's Euro-Atlantic Integration [Dosta
DIMOVSKA] |
|
International organization participation:
|
ACCT,
BIS, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt,
ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol,
IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MIGA, OPCW, OSCE, PCA,
PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO,
WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO |
|
Diplomatic representation in the US:
|
chief
of mission: Ambassador Nikola DIMITROV
chancery: Suite 302, 1101 30th Street NW,
Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 337-3063
FAX: [1] (202) 337-3093
consulate(s) general: Southfield (Michigan) |
|
Diplomatic representation from the US:
|
chief
of mission: Ambassador Lawrence Edward BUTLER
embassy: Bul. Ilindenska bb, 1000 Skopje
mailing address: American Embassy Skopje,
Department of State, 7120 Skopje Place, Washington, DC
20521-7120 (pouch)
telephone: [389] 2 311-6180
FAX: [389] 2 311-7103 |
|
Flag description:
|
a yellow
sun with eight broadening rays extending to the edges of
the red field |
|
Economy - overview:
|
At
independence in September 1991, Macedonia was the least
developed of the Yugoslav republics, producing a mere 5%
of the total federal output of goods and services. The
collapse of Yugoslavia ended transfer payments from the
center and eliminated advantages from inclusion in a de
facto free trade area. An absence of infrastructure, UN
sanctions on the down-sized Yugoslavia, one of its
largest markets, and a Greek economic embargo over a
dispute about the country's constitutional name and flag
hindered economic growth until 1996. GDP subsequently
rose each year through 2000. However, the leadership's
commitment to economic reform, free trade, and regional
integration was undermined by the ethnic Albanian
insurgency of 2001. The economy shrank 4.5% because of
decreased trade, intermittent border closures, increased
deficit spending on security needs, and investor
uncertainty. Growth barely recovered in 2002 to 0.9%,
then rose by a moderate 3.4% in 2003, and is estimated
at 1.3% in 2004. Unemployment at one-third of the
workforce remains a critical economic problem. Much of
the extensive grey market activity falls outside
official statistics. |
|
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$14.4
billion (2004 est.) |
|
GDP - real growth rate:
|
1.3%
(2004 est.) |
|
GDP - per capita:
|
purchasing power parity - $7,100 (2004 est.) |
|
GDP - composition by sector:
|
agriculture: 11.2%
industry: 26%
services: 62.8% (2004 est.) |
|
Labor force:
|
855,000
(2004 est.) |
|
Labor force - by occupation:
|
agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% |
|
Unemployment rate:
|
37.7%
(3rd quarter, 2004 est.) |
|
Population below poverty line:
|
30.2%
(2003 est.) |
|
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
|
lowest
10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
|
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|
0.4%
(2004 est.) |
|
Investment (gross fixed):
|
17.5% of
GDP (2004 est.) |
|
Budget:
|
revenues: $1.198 billion
expenditures: $1.245 billion, including capital
expenditures of $114 million (2004 est.) |
|
Public debt:
|
20% of
GDP (2004 est.) |
|
Agriculture - products:
|
wheat,
grapes, rice, tobacco, corn, millet, cotton, sesame,
mulberry leaves, citrus, vegetables; beef, pork,
poultry, mutton |
|
Industries:
|
coal,
metallic chromium, lead, zinc, ferronickel, textiles,
wood products, tobacco, food processing, buses, steel
|
|
Industrial production growth rate:
|
0% (2004
est.) |
|
Electricity - production:
|
6.273
billion kWh (2003) |
|
Electricity - production by source:
|
fossil
fuel: 83.7%
hydro: 16.3%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001) |
|
Electricity - consumption:
|
7.216
billion kWh (2003) |
|
Electricity - exports:
|
0 kWh
(2003) |
|
Electricity - imports:
|
953
million kWh (2003) |
|
Oil - production:
|
0 bbl/day
(2003 est.) |
|
Oil - consumption:
|
22,000
bbl/day (2003 est.) |
|
Oil - exports:
|
NA |
|
Oil - imports:
|
NA |
|
Current account balance:
|
$-311
million (2004 est.) |
|
Exports:
|
$1.629
billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
|
Exports - commodities:
|
food,
beverages, tobacco; miscellaneous manufactures, iron and
steel |
|
Exports - partners:
|
Serbia
and Montenegro 31.4%, Germany 19.9%, Greece 8.9%,
Croatia 6.9%, US 4.9% (2004) |
|
Imports:
|
$2.677
billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
|
Imports - commodities:
|
machinery
and equipment, chemicals, fuels; food products,
automobiles |
|
Imports - partners:
|
Greece
15.4%, Germany 13.1%, Serbia and Montenegro 10.4%,
Slovenia 8.6%, Bulgaria 8.1%, Turkey 6%, Romania 4.7%
(2004) |
|
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|
$928
million (2004 est.) |
|
Debt - external:
|
$1.863
billion (2004 est.) |
|
Economic aid - recipient:
|
$250
million (2003 est.) |
|
Currency (code):
|
Macedonian denar (MKD) |
|
Currency code:
|
MKD |
|
Exchange rates:
|
Macedonian denars per US dollar - 49.41 (2004), 54.32
(2003), 64.35 (2002), 68.04 (2001), 65.9 (2000) |
|
Fiscal year:
|
calendar
year |
|
Telephones - main lines in use:
|
560,000
(2002) |
|
Telephones - mobile cellular:
|
830,000
(2005) |
|
Telephone system:
|
general assessment: NA
domestic: NA
international: country code - 389 |
|
Radio broadcast stations:
|
AM 29, FM
20, shortwave 0 (1998) |
|
Radios:
|
410,000
(1997) |
|
Television broadcast stations:
|
31 (plus
166 repeaters) (1995) |
|
Televisions:
|
510,000
(1997) |
|
Internet country code:
|
.mk |
|
Internet hosts:
|
3,738
(2004) |
|
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
|
6 (2000)
|
|
Internet users:
|
100,000
(2002) |
|
Railways:
|
total:
699 km
standard gauge: 699 km 1.435-m gauge (233 km
electrified) (2004) |
|
Highways:
|
total:
8,684 km
paved: 5,540 km (including 133 km of expressways)
unpaved: 3,144 km (1999 est.) |
|
Pipelines:
|
gas 268
km; oil 120 km (2004) |
|
Airports:
|
17 (2004
est.) |
|
Airports - with paved runways:
|
total:
10
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
under 914 m: 8 (2004 est.) |
|
Airports - with unpaved runways:
|
total:
7
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 4 (2004 est.) |
|
Military branches:
|
Army of
the Republic of Macedonia (ARM; includes Air and Air
Defense Command) |
|
Military service age and obligation:
|
conscription to be phased out by 2007; current tour of
conscript duty is 6 months; 18 years of age for
voluntary military service (January 2005) |
|
Manpower available for military service:
|
males
age 18-49: 498,259 (2005 est.) |
|
Manpower fit for military service:
|
males
age 18-49: 411,156 (2005 est.) |
|
Manpower reaching military service age annually:
|
males:
16,686 (2005 est.) |
|
Military expenditures - dollar figure:
|
$200
million (FY01/02 est.) |
|
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
|
6%
(FY01/02 est.) |
|
Disputes - international:
|
ethnic
Albanians in Kosovo object to demarcation of the
boundary with Macedonia in accordance with the 2000
Macedonia-Serbia and Montenegro delimitation agreement;
Greece continues to reject the use of the name Macedonia
or Republic of Macedonia |
|
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
|
IDPs:
2,678 (ethnic conflict in 2001; most IDPs have returned)
(2004) |
|
Illicit drugs:
|
major
transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and
hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine
destined for Europe; although most criminal activity is
thought to be domestic and not a financial center, money
laundering is a problem due to a mostly cash-based
economy and weak enforcement (no arrests or prosecutions
for money laundering to date) |
|
This page was last updated on
20 October, 2005 |
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
