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Background:
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Economic
development was spurred in the late 19th century with a
railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino.
Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid
scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world
famous as a tourist and recreation center. |
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Location:
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Western
Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern
coast of France, near the border with Italy |
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Geographic coordinates:
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43 44 N,
7 24 E |
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Map references:
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Europe
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Area:
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total:
1.95 sq km
land: 1.95 sq km
water: 0 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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about
three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC |
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Land boundaries:
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total:
4.4 km
border countries: France 4.4 km |
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Coastline:
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4.1 km
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm |
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Climate:
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Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry
summers |
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Terrain:
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hilly,
rugged, rocky |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest
point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
highest point: Mont Agel 140 m |
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Natural resources:
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none |
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Land use:
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arable
land: 0%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 100% (urban area) (2001) |
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Irrigated land:
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NA sq km
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Natural hazards:
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NA |
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Environment - current issues:
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NA |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party
to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic
Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change,
Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection,
Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol |
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Geography - note:
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second-smallest independent state in the world (after
Holy See); almost entirely urban |
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Population:
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32,409
(July 2005 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14
years: 15.5% (male 2,563/female 2,445)
15-64 years: 62.1% (male 9,909/female 10,217)
65 years and over: 22.4% (male 2,972/female
4,303) (2005 est.) |
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Median age:
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total:
45.25 years
male: 43.27 years
female: 47.19 years (2005 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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0.43%
(2005 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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9.26
births/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Death rate:
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12.71
deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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7.71
migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at
birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
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Infant mortality rate:
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total:
5.43 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.29 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 4.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total
population: 79.57 years
male: 75.7 years
female: 83.63 years (2005 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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1.76
children born/woman (2005 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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NA% |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA |
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Nationality:
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noun:
Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan |
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Ethnic groups:
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French
47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21% |
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Religions:
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Roman
Catholic 90% |
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Languages:
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French
(official), English, Italian, Monegasque |
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Literacy:
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definition: NA
total population: 99%
male: NA%
female: NA% |
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Principality of Monaco
conventional short form: Monaco
local long form: Principaute de Monaco
local short form: Monaco |
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Government type:
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constitutional monarchy |
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Capital:
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Monaco
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Administrative divisions:
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none;
there are no first-order administrative divisions as
defined by the US Government, but there are four
quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille,
La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo |
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Independence:
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1419
(beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi) |
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National holiday:
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National
Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November |
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Constitution:
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17
December 1962 |
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Legal system:
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based on
French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
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Suffrage:
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21 years
of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief
of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)
head of government: Minister of State Jean-Paul
PROUST (since 1 June 2005)
cabinet: Council of Government is under the
authority of the monarch
elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary;
minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list
of three French national candidates presented by the
French Government |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral National Council or Conseil National (24
seats; 16 members elected by list majority system, 8 by
proportional representation; to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 9 February 2003 (next to be
held February 2008)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%;
seats by party - UNAM 21, UND 3 |
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme
Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the
monarch on the basis of nominations by the National
Council) |
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Political parties and leaders:
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National
and Democratic Union or UND [Jean-Louis CAMPORA]; Union
for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the
Future of Monaco or UNAM) [leader NA] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA |
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International organization participation:
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ACCT, CE,
FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFRCS,
IHO, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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Monaco
does not have an embassy in the US
consulate(s) general: New York |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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the US
does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul
General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco
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Flag description:
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two equal
horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the
flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland
which is white (top) and red |
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Economy - overview:
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Monaco,
bordering France on the Mediterranean coast, is a
popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and
pleasant climate. In 2001, a major construction project
extended the pier used by cruise ships in the main
harbor. The principality has successfully sought to
diversify into services and small, high-value-added,
nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and
low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for
individuals who have established residence and for
foreign companies that have set up businesses and
offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of
sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and
the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly
comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan
areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures;
the estimates below are extremely rough. |
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$870
million (2000 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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0.9%
(2000 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $27,000 (2000 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 17%
industry: NA%
services: NA% (2001 est.) |
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Labor force:
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30,540
(January 1994) |
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Unemployment rate:
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22%
(1999) |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA% |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest
10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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1.9%
(2000) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $518 million
expenditures: $531 million, including capital
expenditures of NA (1995) |
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Agriculture - products:
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none |
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Industries:
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tourism,
construction, small-scale industrial and consumer
products |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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NA% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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NA kWh
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Electricity - imports:
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NA kWh
note: electricity supplied by France |
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Exports:
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$NA; full
customs integration with France, which collects and
rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU
market system through customs union with France |
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Imports:
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$NA; full
customs integration with France, which collects and
rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU
market system through customs union with France |
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Debt - external:
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$18
billion (2000 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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NA |
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Currency (code):
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euro
(EUR) |
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Currency code:
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EUR |
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Exchange rates:
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euros per
US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002),
1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar
year |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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33,700
(2002) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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19,300
(2002) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: modern automatic telephone
system
domestic: NA
international: country code - 377; no satellite
earth stations; connected by cable into the French
communications system |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 1, FM
NA, shortwave 8 (1998) |
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Radios:
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34,000
(1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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5 (1998)
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Televisions:
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25,000
(1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.mc |
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Internet hosts:
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533
(2004) |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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2 (2000)
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Internet users:
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16,000
(2002) |
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Highways:
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total:
50 km
paved: 50 km
unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.) |
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Ports and harbors:
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Monaco
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Merchant marine:
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registered in other countries: 54 (2005) |
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Airports:
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none;
linked to the airport at Nice, France by helicopter
service (2004 est.) |
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Heliports:
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1
(shuttle service between the international airport at
Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille)
(2004 est.) |
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Military - note:
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defense
is the responsibility of France; the Palace Guard
performs ceremonial duties (2003) |
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Disputes - international:
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none |
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This page was last updated on
20 October, 2005 |
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