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Background:
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Ruled by
the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar
transformed itself from a poor British protectorate
noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with
significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the
late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was
crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum
revenues by the amir, who had ruled the country since
1972. His son, the current Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al
Thani, overthrew him in a bloodless coup in 1995. In
2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes
with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. Oil and natural gas
revenues enable Qatar to have one of the highest per
capita incomes in the world. |
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Location:
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Middle
East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi
Arabia |
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Geographic coordinates:
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25 30 N,
51 15 E |
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Map references:
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Middle
East |
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Area:
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total:
11,437 sq km
land: 11,437 sq km
water: 0 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly
smaller than Connecticut |
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Land boundaries:
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total:
60 km
border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km |
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Coastline:
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563 km
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: as determined by
bilateral agreements or the median line |
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Climate:
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arid;
mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers |
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Terrain:
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mostly
flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and
gravel |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest
point: Persian Gulf 0 m
highest point: Qurayn Abu al Bawl 103 m |
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Natural resources:
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petroleum, natural gas, fish |
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Land use:
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arable
land: 1.64%
permanent crops: 0.27%
other: 98.09% (2001) |
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Irrigated land:
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130 sq km
(1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards:
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haze,
dust storms, sandstorms common |
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Environment - current issues:
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limited
natural fresh water resources are increasing dependence
on large-scale desalination facilities |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party
to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer
Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected
agreements |
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Geography - note:
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strategic
location in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum
deposits |
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Population:
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863,051
(July 2005 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14
years: 23.7% (male 104,453/female 100,295)
15-64 years: 72.9% (male 437,118/female 191,830)
65 years and over: 3.4% (male 21,599/female
7,756) (2005 est.) |
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Median age:
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total:
31.57 years
male: 36.87 years
female: 22.33 years (2005 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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2.61%
(2005 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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15.54
births/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Death rate:
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4.61
deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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15.17
migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at
birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 2.28 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 2.78 male(s)/female
total population: 1.88 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
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Infant mortality rate:
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total:
18.61 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 21.95 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 15.11 deaths/1,000 live births (2005
est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total
population: 73.67 years
male: 71.15 years
female: 76.32 years (2005 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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2.87
children born/woman (2005 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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0.09%
(2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA |
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Nationality:
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noun:
Qatari(s)
adjective: Qatari |
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Ethnic groups:
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Arab 40%,
Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14% |
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Religions:
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Muslim
95% |
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Languages:
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Arabic
(official), English commonly used as a second language
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 89%
male: 89.1%
female: 88.6% (2004 est.) |
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Country name:
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conventional long form: State of Qatar
conventional short form: Qatar
local long form: Dawlat Qatar
local short form: Qatar
note: closest approximation of the native
pronunciation falls between cutter and gutter, but not
like guitar |
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Government type:
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traditional monarchy |
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Capital:
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Doha |
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Administrative divisions:
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10
municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad
Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumayliyah, Al Khawr, Al
Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan al Batinah, Madinat ash
Shamal, Umm Sa'id, Umm Salal |
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Independence:
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3
September 1971 (from UK) |
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National holiday:
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Independence Day, 3 September (1971) |
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Constitution:
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ratified
by public referendum on 29 April 2003, endorsed by the
Emir on 8 June 2004, effective on 9 June 2005 |
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Legal system:
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discretionary system of law controlled by the amir,
although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law
dominates family and personal matters |
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Suffrage:
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18 years
of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief
of state: Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa al-Thani (since 27
June 1995 when, as crown prince, he ousted his father,
Amir KHALIFA bin Hamad al-Thani, in a bloodless coup);
Crown Prince TAMIM bin Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani, third
son of the monarch (selected Heir Apparent by the
monarch on 5 August 2003); note - Amir HAMAD also holds
the positions of Minister of Defense and
Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces
head of government: Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin
Khalifa al-Thani, brother of the monarch (since 30
October 1996); Deputy Prime Minister MUHAMMAD bin
Khalifa al-Thani, brother of the monarch (since 20
January 1998); First Deputy Prime Minister HAMAD bin
JASIM bin JABIR al-Thani (since 16 September 2003; also
Foreign Minister since 1992); Second Deputy Prime
Minister Abdallah bin Hamad al-ATTIYAH (since 16
September 2003; also Energy Minister since NA 1992)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the
monarch
elections: none; the monarch is hereditary
note: in April 2003, Qatar held nationwide
elections for a 29-member Central Municipal Council
(CMC), which has consultative powers aimed at improving
the provision of municipal services; the first election
for the CMC was held in March 1999 |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (35
seats; members appointed)
note: no legislative elections have been held
since 1970 when there were partial elections to the
body; Council members have had their terms extended
every four years since; the new constitution, which came
into force on 8 June 2004, provides for a 45-member
Consultative Council, or Majlis al-Shura; the public
would elect two-thirds of the Majlis al-Shura; the amir
would appoint the remaining members |
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Judicial branch:
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Court of
Appeal
note: under the new judiciary law issued in 2003,
the former two court systems, civil and Islamic law,
were merged under a higher court, the Court of
Cassation, established for appeals |
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Political parties and leaders:
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none |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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none |
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International organization participation:
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ABEDA,
AFESD, AMF, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM,
IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO,
Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OAS
(observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,
UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WToO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief
of mission: Ambassador Nasir bin Hamad bin Mubarak
al-KHALIFA
chancery: 4200 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 200,
Washington, DC 20016
telephone: [1] (202) 274-1600 and 274-1603
FAX: [1] (202) 237-0061
consulate(s) general: Houston |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief
of mission: Ambassador Chase UNTERMEYER
embassy: Al-Luqta District, 22 February Road,
Doha
mailing address: P. O. Box 2399, Doha
telephone: [974] 488 4101
FAX: [974] 488 4298 |
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Flag description:
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maroon
with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on
the hoist side |
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Economy - overview:
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Oil and
gas account for more than 55% of GDP, roughly 85% of
export earnings, and 70% of government revenues. Oil and
gas have given Qatar a per capita GDP about 80% of that
of the leading West European industrial countries.
Proved oil reserves of 16 billion barrels should ensure
continued output at current levels for 23 years. Qatar's
proved reserves of natural gas exceed 14 trillion cubic
meters, more than 5% of the world total and third
largest in the world. Long-term goals feature the
development of offshore natural gas reserves to offset
the ultimate decline in oil production. In recent years,
Qatar has consistently posted trade surpluses largely
because of high oil prices and increased natural gas
exports, becoming one of the world's fastest growing and
highest per-capita income countries. |
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$19.49
billion (2004 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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8.7%
(2004 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $23,200 (2004 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 0.3%
industry: 58.2%
services: 41.5% (2004 est.) |
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Labor force:
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140,000
(2004 est.) |
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Unemployment rate:
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2.7%
(2001) |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest
10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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3% (2004
est.) |
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Investment (gross fixed):
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22.9% of
GDP (2004 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $10.17 billion
expenditures: $7.61 billion, including capital
expenditures of $2.2 billion (2004 est.) |
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Public debt:
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NA |
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Agriculture - products:
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fruits,
vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish |
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Industries:
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crude oil
production and refining, ammonia, fertilizers,
petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement,
commercial ship repair |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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10% (2003
est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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9.727
billion kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil
fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001) |
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Electricity - consumption:
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9.046
billion kWh (2002) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh
(2002) |
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh
(2002) |
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Oil - production:
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790,000
bbl/day (2004 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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30,000
bbl/day (2003 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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NA |
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Oil - imports:
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NA |
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Oil - proved reserves:
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16
billion bbl (2004 est.) |
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Natural gas - production:
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32.4
billion cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - consumption:
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15.86
billion cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - exports:
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18.2
billion cu m (2004 est.) |
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Natural gas - imports:
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0 cu m
(2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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14.41
trillion cu m (2004) |
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Current account balance:
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$5.187
billion (2004 est.) |
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Exports:
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$15
billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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liquefied
natural gas (LNG), petroleum products, fertilizers,
steel |
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Exports - partners:
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Japan
41.9%, South Korea 15.8%, Singapore 9.1%, India 5.4%
(2004) |
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Imports:
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$6.15
billion f.o.b. (2004 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery
and transport equipment, food, chemicals |
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Imports - partners:
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France
26.6%, US 9.5%, Saudi Arabia 9.4%, UAE 6.3%, Germany
5.2%, Japan 5.2%, UK 5.1% (2004) |
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Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$3.351
billion (2004 est.) |
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Debt - external:
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$18.62
billion (2004 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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NA |
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Currency (code):
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Qatari
rial (QAR) |
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Currency code:
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QAR |
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Exchange rates:
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Qatari
rials per US dollar - 3.64 (2004), 3.64 (2003), 3.64
(2002), 3.64 (2001), 3.64 (2000) |
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Fiscal year:
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1 April -
31 March |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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184,500
(2003) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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376,500
(2003) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: modern system centered in Doha
domestic: NA
international: country code - 974; tropospheric
scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi
Arabia and UAE; submarine cable to Bahrain and UAE;
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean
and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 6, FM
5, shortwave 1 (1998) |
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Radios:
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256,000
(1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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1 (plus
three repeaters) (2001) |
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Televisions:
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230,000
(1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.qa |
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Internet hosts:
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221
(2004) |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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1 (2000)
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Internet users:
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126,000
(2003) |
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Highways:
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total:
1,230 km
paved: 1,107 km
unpaved: 123 km (1999 est.) |
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Pipelines:
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condensate 319 km; condensate/gas 209 km; gas 1,024 km;
liquid petroleum gas 87 km; oil 702 km; oil/gas/water 41
km (2004) |
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Ports and harbors:
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Doha |
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Merchant marine:
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total:
22 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 525,051 GRT/772,635 DWT
by type: cargo 3, chemical tanker 5, container 8,
liquefied gas 2, petroleum tanker 3, roll on/roll off 1
foreign-owned: 6 (Kuwait 6) (2005) |
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Airports:
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4 (2004
est.) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total:
2
over 3,047 m: 2 (2004 est.) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total:
2
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
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Heliports:
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1 (2004
est.) |
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Military branches:
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Qatari
Amiri Land Force (QALF), Qatari Amiri Navy (QAN), Qatari
Amiri Air Force (QAAF) |
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Military service age and obligation:
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18 years
of age for voluntary military service; Land Force's
enlisted personnel are largely nonprofessional foreign
nationals (2005) |
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Manpower available for military service:
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males
age 18-49: 302,873
note: includes non-nationals (2005 est.) |
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Manpower fit for military service:
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males
age 18-49: 238,566 (2005 est.) |
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Manpower reaching military service age annually:
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males:
7,851 (2005 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$723
million (FY00) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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10%
(FY00) |
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Disputes - international:
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none |
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This page was last updated on
20 October, 2005 |
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