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Background:
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The third
smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco)
also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According
to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason
named Marino in 301 A.D. San Marino's foreign policy is
aligned with that of Italy. Social and political trends
in the republic also track closely with those of its
larger neighbor. |
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Location:
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Southern
Europe, an enclave in central Italy |
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Geographic coordinates:
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43 46 N,
12 25 E |
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Map references:
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Europe
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Area:
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total:
61.2 sq km
land: 61.2 sq km
water: 0 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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about 0.3
times the size of Washington, DC |
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Land boundaries:
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total:
39 km
border countries: Italy 39 km |
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Coastline:
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0 km
(landlocked) |
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Maritime claims:
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none
(landlocked) |
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Climate:
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Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
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Terrain:
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rugged
mountains |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest
point: Torrente Ausa 55 m
highest point: Monte Titano 755 m |
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Natural resources:
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building
stone |
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Land use:
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arable
land: 16.67%
permanent crops: 0%
other: 83.33% (2001) |
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Irrigated land:
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NA sq km
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Natural hazards:
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NA |
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Environment - current issues:
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NA |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party
to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution |
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Geography - note:
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landlocked; smallest independent state in Europe after
the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennines |
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Population:
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28,880
(July 2005 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14
years: 16.7% (male 2,482/female 2,328)
15-64 years: 66.5% (male 9,255/female 9,943)
65 years and over: 16.9% (male 2,106/female
2,766) (2005 est.) |
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Median age:
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total:
40.29 years
male: 39.91 years
female: 40.65 years (2005 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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1.3%
(2005 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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10.18
births/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Death rate:
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8.07
deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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10.84
migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at
birth: 1.09 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female
total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
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Infant mortality rate:
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total:
5.73 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.16 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total
population: 81.62 years
male: 78.13 years
female: 85.43 years (2005 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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1.33
children born/woman (2005 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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NA% |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA |
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Nationality:
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noun:
Sammarinese (singular and plural)
adjective: Sammarinese |
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Ethnic groups:
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Sammarinese, Italian |
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Religions:
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Roman
Catholic |
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Languages:
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Italian
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Literacy:
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definition: age 10 and over can read and write
total population: 96%
male: 97%
female: 95% (1976 est.) |
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Republic of San Marino
conventional short form: San Marino
local long form: Repubblica di San Marino
local short form: San Marino |
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Government type:
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independent republic |
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Capital:
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San
Marino |
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Administrative divisions:
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9
municipalities (castelli, singular - castello);
Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano,
Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta,
Serravalle |
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Independence:
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3
September 301 |
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National holiday:
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Founding
of the Republic, 3 September (301) |
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Constitution:
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8 October
1600; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions
of a constitution |
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Legal system:
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based on
civil law system with Italian law influences; has not
accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
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Suffrage:
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18 years
of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief
of state: cochiefs of state Captain Regent Claudio
MUCCIOLI and Captain Regent Antonello BACCIOCHI (for the
period 1 October 2005 - 31 March 2006)
head of government: Secretary of State for
Foreign and Political Affairs Fabio BERARDI (15 December
2003)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Great
and General Council for a five-year term
elections: cochiefs of state (captains regent)
elected by the Great and General Council for a six-month
term; election last held NA September 2005 (next to be
held March 2006); secretary of state for foreign and
political affairs elected by the Great and General
Council for a five-year term; election last held 13
December 2003 (next to be held June 2006 when general
elections are scheduled)
election results: Claudio MUCCIOLI and Antonello
BACCIOCHI elected captains regent; percent of
legislative vote - NA%; Fabio BERARDI elected secretary
of state for foreign and political affairs; percent of
legislative vote - NA%
note: the popularly elected parliament (Grand and
General Council) selects two of its members to serve as
the Captains Regent (cochiefs of state) for a six-month
period; they preside over meetings of the Grand and
General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State),
which has 10 other members, all selected by the Grand
and General Council; assisting the captains regent are
10 secretaries of state; the secretary of state for
Foreign Affairs has assumed some of the prerogatives of
a prime minister |
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral Grand and General Council or Consiglio Grande
e Generale (60 seats; members are elected by direct,
popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 10 June 2001 (next to be
held by June 2006)
election results: percent of vote by party - PDCS
41.4%, PSS 24.2%, PD 20.8%, APDS 8.2%, RC 3.4%, AN 1.9%;
seats by party - PDCS 25, PSS 15, PD 12, APDS 5, RC 2,
AN 1 |
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Judicial branch:
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Council
of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Communist
Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM
[Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN [leader NA];
Party of Democrats or PD [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino
Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Giovanni
LONFERNINI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or
APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or
PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform or SR
[Renzo GIARDI] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA |
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International organization participation:
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CE, FAO,
IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO,
IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WToO |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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San
Marino does not have an embassy in the US
honorary consulate(s) general: Washington, DC and
New York
honorary consulate(s): Detroit and Honolulu |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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the US
does not have an embassy in San Marino; the US Consul
General in Florence (Italy) is accredited to San Marino
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Flag description:
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two equal
horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the
national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the
coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on
three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and
above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty) |
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Economy - overview:
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The
tourist sector contributes over 50% of GDP. In 2000 more
than 3 million tourists visited San Marino. The key
industries are banking, wearing apparel, electronics,
and ceramics. Main agricultural products are wine and
cheeses. The per capita level of output and standard of
living are comparable to those of the most prosperous
regions of Italy, which supplies much of its food. |
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$940
million (2001 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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7.5%
(2001 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $34,600 (2001 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: NA%
industry: NA%
services: NA% |
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Labor force:
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18,500
(1999) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture 1%, industry 42%, services 57% (2000 est.)
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Unemployment rate:
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2.6%
(2001) |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA% |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest
10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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3.3%
(2001) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $400 million
expenditures: $400 million, including capital
expenditures of NA (2000 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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wheat,
grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef,
cheese, hides |
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Industries:
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tourism,
banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine
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Industrial production growth rate:
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6% (1997
est.) |
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Exports:
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trade
data are included with the statistics for Italy |
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Exports - commodities:
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building
stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods,
hides, ceramics |
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Imports:
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trade
data are included with the statistics for Italy |
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Imports - commodities:
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wide
variety of consumer manufactures, food |
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Debt - external:
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$NA |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$NA |
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Currency (code):
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euro
(EUR) |
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Currency code:
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EUR |
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Exchange rates:
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euros per
US dollar - 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002),
1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar
year |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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20,600
(2002) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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16,800
(2002) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: adequate connections
domestic: automatic telephone system completely
integrated into Italian system
international: country code - 378; connected to
Italian international network |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 0, FM
3, shortwave 0 (1998) |
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Radios:
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16,000
(1997) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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1 (San
Marino residents also receive broadcasts from Italy)
(1997) |
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Televisions:
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9,000
(1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.sm |
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Internet hosts:
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1,763
(2004) |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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2 (2000)
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Internet users:
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14,300
(2002) |
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Highways:
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total:
220 km
paved: 220 km
unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
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Airports:
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none
(2004 est.) |
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Military branches:
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Voluntary
Military Force (Corpi Militari Voluntar); note -
performs ceremonial duties and limited police assistance
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$700,000
(FY00/01) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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NA |
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Military - note:
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defense
is the responsibility of Italy |
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Disputes - international:
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none |
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This page was last updated on
20 October, 2005 |
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