|
|
|
Background:
|
Ukraine
was the center of the first Slavic state, Kievan Rus,
which during the 10th and 11th centuries was the largest
and most powerful state in Europe. Weakened by
internecine quarrels and Mongol invasions, Kievan Rus
was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and
eventually into the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The
cultural and religious legacy of Kievan Rus laid the
foundation for Ukrainian nationalism through subsequent
centuries. A new Ukrainian state, the Cossack Hetmanate,
was established during the mid-17th century after an
uprising against the Poles. Despite continuous Muscovite
pressure, the Hetmanate managed to remain autonomous for
well over 100 years. During the latter part of the 18th
century, most Ukrainian ethnographic territory was
absorbed by the Russian Empire. Following the collapse
of czarist Russia in 1917, Ukraine was able to bring
about a short-lived period of independence (1917-20),
but was reconquered and forced to endure a brutal Soviet
rule that engineered two artificial famines (1921-22 and
1932-33) in which over 8 million died. In World War II,
German and Soviet armies were responsible for some 7 to
8 million more deaths. Although final independence for
Ukraine was achieved in 1991 with the dissolution of the
USSR, democracy remained elusive as the legacy of state
control and endemic corruption stalled efforts at
economic reform, privatization, and civil liberties. A
peaceful mass protest "Orange Revolution" in the closing
months of 2004 forced the authorities to overturn a
rigged presidential election and to allow a new
internationally monitored vote that swept into power a
reformist slate under Viktor YUSHCHENKO. The new
government presents its citizens with hope that the
country may at last attain true freedom and prosperity.
|
|
Location:
|
Eastern
Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland,
Romania, and Moldova in the west and Russia in the east
|
|
Geographic coordinates:
|
49 00 N,
32 00 E |
|
Map references:
|
Asia,
Europe |
|
Area:
|
total:
603,700 sq km
land: 603,700 sq km
water: 0 sq km |
|
Area - comparative:
|
slightly
smaller than Texas |
|
Land boundaries:
|
total:
4,663 km
border countries: Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km,
Moldova 939 km, Poland 526 km, Romania (south) 169 km,
Romania (west) 362 km, Russia 1,576 km, Slovakia 97 km
|
|
Coastline:
|
2,782 km
|
|
Maritime claims:
|
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200-m or to the depth of
exploitation |
|
Climate:
|
temperate
continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean
coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed,
highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast;
winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold
farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part
of the country, hot in the south |
|
Terrain:
|
most of
Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and
plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the
Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the
extreme south |
|
Elevation extremes:
|
lowest
point: Black Sea 0 m
highest point: Hora Hoverla 2,061 m |
|
Natural resources:
|
iron ore,
coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur,
graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury,
timber, arable land |
|
Land use:
|
arable
land: 56.21%
permanent crops: 1.61%
other: 42.18% (2001) |
|
Irrigated land:
|
24,540 sq
km (1998 est.) |
|
Natural hazards:
|
NA |
|
Environment - current issues:
|
inadequate supplies of potable water; air and water
pollution; deforestation; radiation contamination in the
northeast from 1986 accident at Chornobyl' Nuclear Power
Plant |
|
Environment - international agreements:
|
party
to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides,
Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Antarctic-Environmental
Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic
Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Endangered Species, Environmental
Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air
Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air
Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic
Compounds |
|
Geography - note:
|
strategic
position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia;
second-largest country in Europe |
|
Population:
|
47,425,336 (July 2005 est.) |
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Age structure:
|
0-14
years: 15.6% (male 3,783,725/female 3,619,754)
15-64 years: 68.8% (male 15,619,989/female
16,992,628)
65 years and over: 15.6% (male 2,497,851/female
4,911,389) (2005 est.) |
|
Median age:
|
total:
38.22 years
male: 34.91 years
female: 41.21 years (2005 est.) |
|
Population growth rate:
|
-0.63%
(2005 est.) |
|
Birth rate:
|
10.49
births/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
|
Death rate:
|
16.42
deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
|
Net migration rate:
|
-0.38
migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
|
Sex ratio:
|
at
birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.51 male(s)/female
total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
|
|
Infant mortality rate:
|
total:
20.34 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 21.55 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 19.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2005
est.) |
|
Life expectancy at birth:
|
total
population: 69.68 years
male: 64.39 years
female: 75.31 years (2005 est.) |
|
Total fertility rate:
|
1.4
children born/woman (2005 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
|
1.4%
(2003 est.) |
|
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
|
360,000
(2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
|
20,000
(2003 est.) |
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Nationality:
|
noun:
Ukrainian(s)
adjective: Ukrainian |
|
Ethnic groups:
|
Ukrainian
77.8%, Russian 17.3%, Belarusian 0.6%, Moldovan 0.5%,
Crimean Tatar 0.5%, Bulgarian 0.4%, Hungarian 0.3%,
Romanian 0.3%, Polish 0.3%, Jewish 0.2%, other 1.8%
(2001 census) |
|
Religions:
|
Ukrainian
Orthodox - Kiev Patriarchate 19%, Orthodox (no
particular jurisdiction) 16%, Ukrainian Orthodox -
Moscow Patriarchate 9%, Ukrainian Greek Catholic 6%,
Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox 1.7%, Protestant,
Jewish, none 38% (2004 est.) |
|
Languages:
|
Ukrainian
(official) 67%, Russian 24%; small Romanian-, Polish-,
and Hungarian-speaking minorities |
|
Literacy:
|
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.7%
male: 99.8%
female: 99.6% (2003 est.) |
|
People - note:
|
the sex
trafficking of Ukrainian women is a serious problem that
has only recently been addressed |
|
Country name:
|
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Ukraine
local long form: none
local short form: Ukrayina
former: Ukrainian National Republic, Ukrainian
State, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic |
|
Government type:
|
republic
|
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Capital:
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Kiev
(Kyyiv) |
|
Administrative divisions:
|
24
provinces (oblasti, singular - oblast'), 1 autonomous
republic* (avtonomna respublika), and 2 municipalities
(mista, singular - misto) with oblast status**;
Cherkasy, Chernihiv, Chernivtsi, Crimea or Avtonomna
Respublika Krym* (Simferopol'), Dnipropetrovs'k,
Donets'k, Ivano-Frankivs'k, Kharkiv, Kherson,
Khmel'nyts'kyy, Kirovohrad, Kiev (Kyyiv)**, Kyyiv,
Luhans'k, L'viv, Mykolayiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne,
Sevastopol'**, Sumy, Ternopil', Vinnytsya, Volyn'
(Luts'k), Zakarpattya (Uzhhorod), Zaporizhzhya, Zhytomyr
note: administrative divisions have the same
names as their administrative centers (exceptions have
the administrative center name following in parentheses)
|
|
Independence:
|
24 August
1991 (from the Soviet Union) |
|
National holiday:
|
Independence Day, 24 August (1991); the date of 22
January (1918), the day Ukraine first declared its
independence (from Soviet Russia), is now celebrated as
Unity Day |
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Constitution:
|
adopted
28 June 1996 |
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Legal system:
|
based on
civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts
|
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Suffrage:
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18 years
of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
|
chief
of state: President Viktor A. YUSHCHENKO (since 23
January 2005)
head of government: Prime Minister Yuriy
YEKHANUROV (since 22 September 2005); First Deputy Prime
Minister - Stanislav STASHEVSKYY (since 27 September
2005)
cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the
president and approved by the Supreme Council
note: there is also a National Security and
Defense Council or NSDC originally created in 1992 as
the National Security Council, but significantly
revamped and strengthened under former-President KUCHMA;
the NSDC staff is tasked with developing national
security policy on domestic and international matters
and advising the president; a Presidential
Administration that helps draft presidential edicts and
provides policy support to the president; and a Council
of Regions that serves as an advisory body
elections: president elected by popular vote for
a five-year term; note - a special repeat runoff
presidential election between Viktor YUSHCHENKO and
Viktor YANUKOVYCH took place on 26 December 2004 after
the earlier 21 November 2004 contest - won by Mr.
YANUKOVYCH - was invalidated by the Ukrainian Supreme
Court because of widespread and significant violations;
prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by
the president and approved by the Supreme Council
election results: Viktor YUSHCHENKO elected
president; percent of vote - Viktor YUSHCHENKO 51.99%,
Viktor YANUKOVYCH 44.2% |
|
Legislative branch:
|
unicameral Supreme Council or Verkhovna Rada (450 seats;
under recent amendments to Ukraine's election law, the
Rada's seats are allocated on a proportional basis to
those parties that gain 3% or more of the national
electoral vote; members serve five-year terms beginning
with the next election in 2006)
elections: last held 31 March 2002 (next to be
held March 2006)
election results: percent of vote by party/bloc -
Our Ukraine 24%, CPU 20%, United Ukraine 12%, SPU 7%,
Yuliya Tymoshenko Bloc 7%, United Social Democratic
Party 6%, other 24%; seats by party/bloc - Our Ukraine
101, Regions of Ukraine 61, CPU 59, Working Ukraine 14,
United Social Democratic Party 33, Agrarian Party 22,
SPU 20, Yuliya Tymoshenko Bloc 19, United Ukraine 19,
People's Democratic Party-Party of Industrialists and
Entrepreneurs 16, Center Group 15, Democratic
Initiatives 14, unaffiliated 57 (December 2004)
note: following the election, United Ukraine
splintered into the Agrarian Party, European Choice,
People's Choice, People's Democratic Party, Regions of
Ukraine, and Working Ukraine-Industrialists and
Entrepreneurs; these factions have since undergone a
number of changes |
|
Judicial branch:
|
Supreme
Court; Constitutional Court |
|
Political parties and leaders:
|
Agrarian
Party [Volodymyr LYTVYN]; Communist Party of Ukraine or
CPU [Petro SYMONENKO]; Democratic Initiatives [Stepan
HAVRYSH]; Industrialists and Entrepreneurs [Anatoliy
KINAKH]; Our Ukraine bloc (comprised of several parties
the most prominent of which are Rukh, the Ukrainian
People's Party, Reforms and Order, and Solidarity)
[Viktor YUSHCHENKO]; People's Democratic Party or PDP
[Valeriy PUSTOVOYTENKO]; Regions of Ukraine [Viktor
YANUKOVYCH]; Socialist Party of Ukraine or SPU
[Oleksandr MOROZ, chairman]; United Social Democratic
Party [Viktor MEDVEDCHUK]; Working Ukraine [Serhiy
TYHYPKO]; Yuliya Tymoshenko Bloc [Yuliya TYMOSHENKO]
note: as well as numerous smaller parties; United
Ukraine and Center Group are not actual political
parties, but rather deputy groups (factions not based on
a party) |
|
Political pressure groups and leaders:
|
NA |
|
International organization participation:
|
BSEC, CE,
CEI, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, GUUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC,
ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO,
ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA,
MONUC, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE,
PCA, PFP, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL,
UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMOVIC, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WCO,
WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer), ZC |
|
Diplomatic representation in the US:
|
chief
of mission: Ambassador Mykhailo B. REZNIK
chancery: 3350 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 349-2920
FAX: [1] (202) 333-0817
consulate(s) general: Chicago, New York, San
Francisco |
|
Diplomatic representation from the US:
|
chief
of mission: Ambassador John E. HERBST
embassy: 10 Yuriia Kotsiubynskoho Street, 04053
Kiev
mailing address: 5850 Kiev Place, Washington, DC
20521-5850
telephone: [380] (44) 490-4000
FAX: [380] (44) 490-4085 |
|
Flag description:
|
two equal
horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellow
represent grainfields under a blue sky |
|
Economy - overview:
|
After
Russia, the Ukrainian republic was far and away the most
important economic component of the former Soviet Union,
producing about four times the output of the
next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil generated
more than one-fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and
its farms provided substantial quantities of meat, milk,
grain, and vegetables to other republics. Likewise, its
diversified heavy industry supplied the unique equipment
(for example, large diameter pipes) and raw materials to
industrial and mining sites (vertical drilling
apparatus) in other regions of the former USSR. Ukraine
depends on imports of energy, especially natural gas, to
meet some 85% of its annual energy requirements. Shortly
after independence in December 1991, the Ukrainian
Government liberalized most prices and erected a legal
framework for privatization, but widespread resistance
to reform within the government and the legislature soon
stalled reform efforts and led to some backtracking.
Output by 1999 had fallen to less than 40% of the 1991
level. Loose monetary policies pushed inflation to
hyperinflationary levels in late 1993. Ukraine's
dependence on Russia for energy supplies and the lack of
significant structural reform have made the Ukrainian
economy vulnerable to external shocks. Ukrainian
government officials have taken some steps to reform the
country's Byzantine tax code, such as the implementation
of lower tax rates aimed at bringing more economic
activity out of Ukraine's large shadow economy, but more
improvements are needed, including closing tax loopholes
and eliminating tax privileges and exemptions. Reforms
in the more politically sensitive areas of structural
reform and land privatization are still lagging. Outside
institutions - particularly the IMF - have encouraged
Ukraine to quicken the pace and scope of reforms. GDP in
2000 showed strong export-based growth of 6% - the first
growth since independence - and industrial production
grew 12.9%. The economy continued to expand in 2001 as
real GDP rose 9% and industrial output grew by over 14%.
Growth of 4.6% in 2002 was more moderate, in part a
reflection of faltering growth in the developed world.
In general, growth has been undergirded by strong
domestic demand, low inflation, and solid consumer and
investor confidence. Growth was a sturdy 9.3% in 2003
and a remarkable 12% in 2004, despite a loss of momentum
in needed economic reforms. |
|
GDP (purchasing power parity):
|
$299.1
billion (2004 est.) |
|
GDP - real growth rate:
|
12% (2004
est.) |
|
GDP - per capita:
|
purchasing power parity - $6,300 (2004 est.) |
|
GDP - composition by sector:
|
agriculture: 18%
industry: 45.1%
services: 36.9% (2004 est.) |
|
Labor force:
|
21.11
million (2004 est.) |
|
Labor force - by occupation:
|
agriculture 24%, industry 32%, services 44% (1996) |
|
Unemployment rate:
|
3.5%
officially registered; large number of unregistered or
underemployed workers; the International Labor
Organization calculates that Ukraine's real unemployment
level is around 9-10 percent (2004 est.) |
|
Population below poverty line:
|
29% (2003
est.) |
|
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
|
lowest
10%: 3.7%
highest 10%: 23.2% (1999) |
|
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
|
29 (1999)
|
|
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
|
12% (2004
est.) |
|
Investment (gross fixed):
|
18.8% of
GDP (2004 est.) |
|
Budget:
|
revenues: $13.57 billion
expenditures: $12.26 billion, including capital
expenditures of NA; note - these estimates probably do
not include the government's doubling of pensions in
September of 2004 (2004 est.) |
|
Public debt:
|
24.7% of
GDP (2004 est.) |
|
Agriculture - products:
|
grain,
sugar beets, sunflower seeds, vegetables; beef, milk
|
|
Industries:
|
coal,
electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery
and transport equipment, chemicals, food processing
(especially sugar) |
|
Industrial production growth rate:
|
16.5%
(2004 est.) |
|
Electricity - production:
|
180
billion kWh (2003) |
|
Electricity - production by source:
|
fossil
fuel: 48.6%
hydro: 7.9%
nuclear: 43.5%
other: 0% (2001) |
|
Electricity - consumption:
|
132
billion kWh (2003) |
|
Electricity - exports:
|
1.2
billion kWh (2002) |
|
Electricity - imports:
|
0 kWh
(2002) |
|
Oil - production:
|
72,000
bbl/day (2003 est.) |
|
Oil - consumption:
|
303,000
bbl/day (2003 est.) |
|
Oil - exports:
|
NA |
|
Oil - imports:
|
NA |
|
Oil - proved reserves:
|
395
million bbl (9 November 2004) |
|
Natural gas - production:
|
19.6
billion cu m (2003 est.) |
|
Natural gas - consumption:
|
79.86
billion cu m (2003 est.) |
|
Natural gas - exports:
|
5.8
billion cu m (2003 est.) |
|
Natural gas - imports:
|
60.4
billion cu m (2003 est.) |
|
Natural gas - proved reserves:
|
560.7
billion cu m (9 November 2004) |
|
Current account balance:
|
$4.584
billion (2004 est.) |
|
Exports:
|
$32.91
billion (2004 est.) |
|
Exports - commodities:
|
ferrous
and nonferrous metals, fuel and petroleum products,
chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, food
products |
|
Exports - partners:
|
Russia
18%, Germany 5.8%, Turkey 5.7%, Italy 5%, US 4.6% (2004)
|
|
Imports:
|
$31.45
billion (2004 est.) |
|
Imports - commodities:
|
energy,
machinery and equipment, chemicals |
|
Imports - partners:
|
Russia
41.8%, Germany 9.6%, Turkmenistan 6.7% (2004) |
|
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
|
$11.33
billion (2004 est.) |
|
Debt - external:
|
$16.37
billion (2004 est.) |
|
Economic aid - recipient:
|
$637.7
million (1995); IMF Extended Funds Facility $2.2 billion
(1998) |
|
Currency (code):
|
hryvnia
(UAH) |
|
Currency code:
|
UAH |
|
Exchange rates:
|
hryvnia
per US dollar - 5.3192 (2004), 5.3327 (2003), 5.3266
(2002), 5.3722 (2001), 5.4402 (2000) |
|
Fiscal year:
|
calendar
year |
|
Telephones - main lines in use:
|
10,833,300 (2002) |
|
Telephones - mobile cellular:
|
4.2
million (2002) |
|
Telephone system:
|
general assessment: Ukraine's telecommunication
development plan, running through 2005, emphasizes
improving domestic trunk lines, international
connections, and the mobile cellular system
domestic: at independence in December 1991,
Ukraine inherited a telephone system that was
antiquated, inefficient, and in disrepair; more than 3.5
million applications for telephones could not be
satisfied; telephone density is now rising slowly and
the domestic trunk system is being improved; the mobile
cellular telephone system is expanding at a high rate
international: country code - 380; two new
domestic trunk lines are a part of the fiber-optic
Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) system and three Ukrainian links
have been installed in the fiber-optic Trans-European
Lines (TEL) project that connects 18 countries;
additional international service is provided by the
Italy-Turkey-Ukraine-Russia (ITUR) fiber-optic submarine
cable and by earth stations in the Intelsat, Inmarsat,
and Intersputnik satellite systems |
|
Radio broadcast stations:
|
AM 134,
FM 289, shortwave 4 (1998) |
|
Radios:
|
45.05
million (1997) |
|
Television broadcast stations:
|
at least
33 (plus 21 repeaters that relay broadcasts from Russia)
(1997) |
|
Televisions:
|
18.05
million (1997) |
|
Internet country code:
|
.ua |
|
Internet hosts:
|
94,345
(2004) |
|
Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
|
260
(2001) |
|
Internet users:
|
3.8
million (2003) |
|
Railways:
|
total:
22,473 km
broad gauge: 22,473 km 1.524-m gauge (9,250 km
electrified) (2004) |
|
Highways:
|
total:
169,679 km
paved: 164,249 km
unpaved: 5,430 km (2002) |
|
Waterways:
|
1,672 km
(most on Dnieper River) (2004) |
|
Pipelines:
|
gas
20,069 km; oil 4,540 km; refined products 4,169 km
(2004) |
|
Ports and harbors:
|
Feodosiya, Kerch, Kherson, Mariupol', Mykolayiv, Odesa,
Reni, Yuzhnyy |
|
Merchant marine:
|
total:
201 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 675,904 GRT/709,802 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 6, cargo 148, container 4,
passenger 7, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 10,
refrigerated cargo 11, roll on/roll off 7, specialized
tanker 2
foreign-owned: 1 (Russia 1)
registered in other countries: 113 (2005) |
|
Airports:
|
656 (2004
est.) |
|
Airports - with paved runways:
|
total:
174
over 3,047 m: 13
2,438 to 3,047 m: 57
1,524 to 2,437 m: 30
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 70 (2004 est.) |
|
Airports - with unpaved runways:
|
total:
482
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 14
914 to 1,523 m: 34
under 914 m: 428 (2004 est.) |
|
Heliports:
|
8 (2004
est.) |
|
Military branches:
|
Ground
Forces, Naval Forces, Air Forces (Viyskovo-Povitryani
Syly), Air Defense Forces (2002) |
|
Military service age and obligation:
|
18-27
years of age for compulsory and voluntary military
service; conscript service obligation - 18 months for
Army and Air Force, 24 months for Navy (2004) |
|
Manpower available for military service:
|
males
age 18-49: 11,067,239 (2005 est.) |
|
Manpower fit for military service:
|
males
age 18-49: 7,114,337 (2005 est.) |
|
Manpower reaching military service age annually:
|
males:
378,176 (2005 est.) |
|
Military expenditures - dollar figure:
|
$617.9
million (FY02) |
|
Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
|
1.4%
(FY02) |
|
Disputes - international:
|
1997
boundary treaty with Belarus remains un-ratified due to
unresolved financial claims, stalling demarcation and
reducing border security; delimitation of land boundary
with Russia is complete but the parties have agreed to
defer demarcation; maritime boundary through the Sea of
Azov and Kerch Strait remains unresolved despite a
December 2003 framework agreement and on-going
expert-level discussions; Moldova and Ukraine have
established joint customs posts to monitor transit
through Moldova's break-away Transnistria Region which
remains under OSCE supervision; Ukraine and Romania have
taken their dispute over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy
(Snake) Island and Black Sea maritime boundary to the
ICJ for adjudication; Romania opposes Ukraine's
reopening of a navigation canal from the Danube border
through the Ukraine to the Black Sea |
|
Illicit drugs:
|
limited
cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS
consumption; some synthetic drug production for export
to the West; limited government eradication program;
used as transshipment point for opiates and other
illicit drugs from Africa, Latin America, and Turkey to
Europe and Russia; Ukraine has improved
anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal
from the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's)
Noncooperative Countries and Territories List in
February 2004; Ukraine's anti-money-laundering regime
continues to be monitored by FATF |
|
This page was last updated on
20 October, 2005 |
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