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National Map
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United States of America(USA) |
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National Flag
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United States of America(USA) |
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Flag Description:
13 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom)
alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the
upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white,
five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows
of six stars (top and bottom) alternating with rows of five
stars; the 50 stars represent the 50 states, the 13 stripes
represent the 13 original colonies; known as Old Glory; the
design and colors have been the basis for a number of other
flags, including Chile, Liberia, Malaysia, and Puerto Rico
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National Emblem(Coat Of Arms)
Of |
United States of America(USA) |
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National Anthem
Of |
United States of America(USA) |
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Categories National Symbol Of |
United States of America(USA) |
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Background:
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Britain's
American colonies broke with the mother country in 1776
and were recognized as the new nation of the United
States of America following the Treaty of Paris in 1783.
During the 19th and 20th centuries, 37 new states were
added to the original 13 as the nation expanded across
the North American continent and acquired a number of
overseas possessions. The two most traumatic experiences
in the nation's history were the Civil War (1861-65) and
the Great Depression of the 1930s. Buoyed by victories
in World Wars I and II and the end of the Cold War in
1991, the US remains the world's most powerful nation
state. The economy is marked by steady growth, low
unemployment and inflation, and rapid advances in
technology. |
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Location:
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North
America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the
North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico |
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Geographic coordinates:
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38 00 N,
97 00 W |
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Map references:
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North
America |
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Area:
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total:
9,631,418 sq km
land: 9,161,923 sq km
water: 469,495 sq km
note: includes only the 50 states and District of
Columbia |
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Area - comparative:
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about
half the size of Russia; about three-tenths the size of
Africa; about half the size of South America (or
slightly larger than Brazil); slightly larger than
China; almost two and a half times the size of the
European Union |
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Land boundaries:
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total:
12,034 km
border countries: Canada 8,893 km (including
2,477 km with Alaska), Mexico 3,141 km
note: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba is
leased by the US and is part of Cuba; the base boundary
is 29 km |
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Coastline:
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19,924 km
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: not specified |
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Climate:
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mostly
temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in
Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the
Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the
southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are
ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm
chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky
Mountains |
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Terrain:
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vast
central plain, mountains in west, hills and low
mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river
valleys in Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest
point: Death Valley -86 m
highest point: Mount McKinley 6,194 m |
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Natural resources:
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coal,
copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite,
gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten,
zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber |
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Land use:
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arable
land: 19.13%
permanent crops: 0.22%
other: 80.65% (2001) |
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Irrigated land:
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214,000
sq km (1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards:
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tsunamis,
volcanoes, and earthquake activity around Pacific Basin;
hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts;
tornadoes in the midwest and southeast; mud slides in
California; forest fires in the west; flooding;
permafrost in northern Alaska, a major impediment to
development |
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Environment - current issues:
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air
pollution resulting in acid rain in both the US and
Canada; the US is the largest single emitter of carbon
dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels; water
pollution from runoff of pesticides and fertilizers;
limited natural fresh water resources in much of the
western part of the country require careful management;
desertification |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party
to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides,
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine
Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty,
Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species,
Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life
Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,
Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands,
Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air
Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air
Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity,
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes |
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Geography - note:
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world's
third-largest country by size (after Russia and Canada)
and by population (after China and India); Mt. McKinley
is highest point in North America and Death Valley the
lowest point on the continent |
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Population:
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295,734,134 (July 2005 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14
years: 20.6% (male 31,095,725/female 29,703,997)
15-64 years: 67% (male 98,914,382/female
99,324,126)
65 years and over: 12.4% (male 15,298,676/female
21,397,228) (2005 est.) |
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Median age:
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total:
36.27 years
male: 34.94 years
female: 37.6 years (2005 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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0.92%
(2005 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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14.14
births/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Death rate:
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8.25
deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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3.31
migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at
birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
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Infant mortality rate:
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total:
6.5 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 7.17 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 5.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total
population: 77.71 years
male: 74.89 years
female: 80.67 years (2005 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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2.08
children born/woman (2005 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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0.6%
(2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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950,000
(2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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14,000
(2003 est.) |
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Nationality:
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noun:
American(s)
adjective: American |
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Ethnic groups:
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white
81.7%, black 12.9%, Asian 4.2%, Amerindian and Alaska
native 1%, native Hawaiian and other Pacific islander
0.2% (2003 est.)
note: a separate listing for Hispanic is not
included because the US Census Bureau considers Hispanic
to mean a person of Latin American descent (including
persons of Cuban, Mexican, or Puerto Rican origin)
living in the US who may be of any race or ethnic group
(white, black, Asian, etc.) |
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Religions:
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Protestant 52%, Roman Catholic 24%, Mormon 2%, Jewish
1%, Muslim 1%, other 10%, none 10% (2002 est.) |
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Languages:
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English
82.1%, Spanish 10.7%, other Indo-European 3.8%, Asian
and Pacific island 2.7%, other 0.7% (2000 census) |
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97%
male: 97%
female: 97% (1999 est.) |
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Country name:
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conventional long form: United States of America
conventional short form: United States
abbreviation: US or USA |
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Government type:
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Constitution-based federal republic; strong democratic
tradition |
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Capital:
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Washington, DC |
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Administrative divisions:
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50 states
and 1 district*; Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas,
California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of
Columbia*, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois,
Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine,
Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota,
Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New
Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North
Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon,
Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South
Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia,
Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming |
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Dependent areas:
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American
Samoa, Baker Island, Guam, Howland Island, Jarvis
Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Islands,
Navassa Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palmyra Atoll,
Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Wake Island
note: from 18 July 1947 until 1 October 1994, the
US administered the Trust Territory of the Pacific
Islands; it entered into a political relationship with
all four political units: the Northern Mariana Islands
is a commonwealth in political union with the US
(effective 3 November 1986); the Republic of the
Marshall Islands signed a Compact of Free Association
with the US (effective 21 October 1986); the Federated
States of Micronesia signed a Compact of Free
Association with the US (effective 3 November 1986);
Palau concluded a Compact of Free Association with the
US (effective 1 October 1994) |
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Independence:
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4 July
1776 (from Great Britain) |
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National holiday:
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Independence Day, 4 July (1776) |
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Constitution:
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17
September 1787, effective 4 March 1789 |
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Legal system:
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federal
court system based on English common law; each state has
its own unique legal system, of which all but one
(Louisiana's) is based on English common law; judicial
review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction with reservations |
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Suffrage:
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18 years
of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief
of state: President George W. BUSH (since 20 January
2001); note - the president is both the chief of state
and head of government
head of government: President George W. BUSH
(since 20 January 2001); note - the president is both
the chief of state and head of government
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president with
Senate approval
elections: president and vice president elected
on the same ticket by a college of representatives who
are elected directly from each state; president and vice
president serve four-year terms; election last held 2
November 2004 (next to be held November 2008)
election results: George W. BUSH reelected
president; percent of popular vote - George W. BUSH
(Republican Party) 50.9%, John KERRY (Democratic Party)
48.1%, other 1.0% |
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Legislative branch:
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bicameral
Congress consists of the Senate (100 seats, one-third
are renewed every two years; two members are elected
from each state by popular vote to serve six-year terms)
and the House of Representatives (435 seats; members are
directly elected by popular vote to serve two-year
terms)
elections: Senate - last held 2 November 2004
(next to be held November 2006); House of
Representatives - last held 2 November 2004 (next to be
held November 2006)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by
party - NA%; seats by party - Republican Party 55,
Democratic Party 44, independent 1; House of
Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats
by party - Republican Party 231, Democratic Party 200,
undecided 4 |
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme
Court (its nine justices are appointed for life on
condition of good behavior by the president with
confirmation by the Senate); United States Courts of
Appeal; United States District Courts; State and County
Courts |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Democratic Party [Howard DEAN]; Green Party [leader NA];
Libertarian Party [Steve DAMERELL]; Republican Party
[Ken MEHLMAN] |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA |
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International organization participation:
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AfDB,
ANZUS, APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner),
Australia Group, BIS, CBSS (observer), CE (observer),
CERN (observer), CP, EAPC, EBRD, FAO, G-5, G-7, G- 8,
G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA,
IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC,
IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAFTA, NAM (guest), NATO,
NEA, NSG, OAS, OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PIF
(partner), SPC, UN, UN Security Council, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
UNHCR, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNMOVIC, UNOMIG, UNRWA,
UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC |
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Flag description:
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13 equal
horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating
with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper
hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed
stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six
stars (top and bottom) alternating with rows of five
stars; the 50 stars represent the 50 states, the 13
stripes represent the 13 original colonies; known as Old
Glory; the design and colors have been the basis for a
number of other flags, including Chile, Liberia,
Malaysia, and Puerto Rico |
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Economy - overview:
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The US
has the largest and most technologically powerful
economy in the world, with a per capita GDP of $41,800.
In this market-oriented economy, private individuals and
business firms make most of the decisions, and the
federal and state governments buy needed goods and
services predominantly in the private marketplace. US
business firms enjoy considerably greater flexibility
than their counterparts in Western Europe and Japan in
decisions to expand capital plant, to lay off surplus
workers, and to develop new products. At the same time,
they face higher barriers to entry in their rivals' home
markets than the barriers to entry of foreign firms in
US markets. US firms are at or near the forefront in
technological advances, especially in computers and in
medical, aerospace, and military equipment; their
advantage has narrowed since the end of World War II.
The onrush of technology largely explains the gradual
development of a "two-tier labor market" in which those
at the bottom lack the education and the
professional/technical skills of those at the top and,
more and more, fail to get comparable pay raises, health
insurance coverage, and other benefits. Since 1975,
practically all the gains in household income have gone
to the top 20% of households. The response to the
terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 showed the
remarkable resilience of the economy. The war in
March/April 2003 between a US-led coalition and Iraq,
and the subsequent occupation of Iraq, required major
shifts in national resources to the military. The rise
in GDP in 2004 and 2005 was undergirded by substantial
gains in labor productivity. The economy suffered from a
sharp increase in energy prices in mid-2005, but by late
in the year those prices dropped back to earlier levels.
Hurricane Katrina caused extensive damage in the Gulf
Coast region, but had a small impact on overall GDP
growth for the year. Long-term problems include
inadequate investment in economic infrastructure,
rapidly rising medical and pension costs of an aging
population, sizable trade and budget deficits, and
stagnation of family income in the lower economic
groups. |
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$12.37
trillion (2005 est.) |
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GDP (official exchange rate):
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$12.77
trillion (2005 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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3.5%
(2005 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $41,800 (2005 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 1%
industry: 20.7%
services: 78.3% (2005 est.) |
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Labor force:
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149.3
million (includes unemployed) (2005) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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farming,
forestry, and fishing 0.7%, manufacturing, extraction,
transportation, and crafts 22.9%, managerial,
professional, and technical 34.7%, sales and office
25.4%, other services 16.3%
note: figures exclude the unemployed (2005) |
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Unemployment rate:
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5.1%
(2005) |
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Population below poverty line:
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12% (2004
est.) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest
10%: 1.8%
highest 10%: 30.5% (1997) |
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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45 (2004)
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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3.2%
(2005 est.) |
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Investment (gross fixed):
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16.8% of
GDP (2005 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $2.119 trillion
expenditures: $2.466 trillion, including capital
expenditures of NA (2005 est.) |
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Public debt:
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64.7% of
GDP (2005 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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wheat,
corn, other grains, fruits, vegetables, cotton; beef,
pork, poultry, dairy products; forest products; fish
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Industries:
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leading
industrial power in the world, highly diversified and
technologically advanced; petroleum, steel, motor
vehicles, aerospace, telecommunications, chemicals,
electronics, food processing, consumer goods, lumber,
mining |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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3.2%
(2005 est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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3.892
trillion kWh (2003) |
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Electricity - consumption:
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3.656
trillion kWh (2003) |
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Electricity - exports:
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23.97
billion kWh (2003) |
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Electricity - imports:
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30.39
billion kWh (2003) |
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Oil - production:
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7.61
million bbl/day (2005 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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20.03
million bbl/day (2003 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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NA (2001)
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Oil - imports:
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NA (2001)
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Oil - proved reserves:
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22.45
billion bbl (1 January 2002) |
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Natural gas - production:
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548.1
billion cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - consumption:
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640.9
billion cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - exports:
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11.16
billion cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - imports:
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114.1
billion cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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5.195
trillion cu m (1 January 2002) |
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Current account balance:
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$-829.1
billion (2005 est.) |
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Exports:
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$927.5
billion f.o.b. (2005 est.) |
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Exports - partners:
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Canada
23%, Mexico 13.6%, Japan 6.7%, UK 4.4%, China 4.3%
(2004) |
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Imports:
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$1.727
trillion f.o.b. (2005 est.) |
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Imports - partners:
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Canada
17%, China 13.8%, Mexico 10.3%, Japan 8.7%, Germany 5.2%
(2004) |
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Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$86.94
billion (2004 est.) |
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Debt - external:
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$8.837
trillion (30 June 2005 est.) |
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Economic aid - donor:
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ODA, $6.9
billion (1997) |
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Currency (code):
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US dollar
(USD) |
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Exchange rates:
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1 British
pounds per US dollar - 0.5457 (2004), 0.6139 (2003),
0.6661 (2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000); Canadian
dollars per US dollar - 1.3014 (2004), 1.4045 (2003),
1.5693 (2002), 1.5488 (2001), 1.4851 (2000); Japanese
yen per US dollar - 108.13 (2004), 116.08 (2003), 125.39
(2002), 121.53 (2001), 107.77 (2000); euros per US
dollar - 0.8048 (2004), 0.8866 (2003), 1.0626 (2002),
1.1175 (2001), 1.08540 (2000) |
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Fiscal year:
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1 October
- 30 September |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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181,599,900 (2003) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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158.722
million (2003) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: a large, technologically
advanced, multipurpose communications system
domestic: a large system of fiber-optic cable,
microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and domestic
satellites carries every form of telephone traffic; a
rapidly growing cellular system carries mobile telephone
traffic throughout the country
international: country code - 1; 24 ocean cable
systems in use; satellite earth stations - 61 Intelsat
(45 Atlantic Ocean and 16 Pacific Ocean), 5 Intersputnik
(Atlantic Ocean region), and 4 Inmarsat (Pacific and
Atlantic Ocean regions) (2000) |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 4,854,
FM 8,950, shortwave 18 (2004) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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1,740
(2004) |
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Internet country code:
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.us |
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Internet hosts:
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115,311,958 (2002) |
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Internet users:
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159
million (2002) |
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Airports:
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14,857
(2004 est.) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total:
5,120
over 3,047 m: 191
2,438 to 3,047 m: 223
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1,402
914 to 1,523 m: 2,355
under 914 m: 949 (2005 est.) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total:
9,773
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 156
914 to 1,523 m: 1,736
under 914 m: 7,873 (2005 est.) |
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Heliports:
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153 (2005
est.) |
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Pipelines:
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petroleum
products 244,620 km; natural gas 548,665 km (2003) |
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Railways:
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total:
227,736 km
standard gauge: 227,736 km 1.435-m gauge (2003)
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Roadways:
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total:
6,393,603 km
paved: 4,180,053 km (including 74,406 km of
expressways)
unpaved: 2,213,550 km (2003) |
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Waterways:
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41,009 km
(19,312 km used for commerce)
note: Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km,
including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared
with Canada (2004) |
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Merchant marine:
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total:
486 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 12,436,658 GRT/14,630,116
DWT
by type: barge carrier 7, bulk carrier 19, cargo
152, chemical tanker 19, container 92, passenger 17,
passenger/cargo 57, petroleum tanker 79, refrigerated
cargo 2, roll on/roll off 28, vehicle carrier 14
foreign-owned: 49 (Australia 2, Canada 8, China
1, Denmark 20, Malaysia 2, Netherlands 1, Norway 2,
Singapore 11, Sweden 1, United Kingdom 1)
registered in other countries: 680 (2005) |
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Ports and terminals:
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Corpus
Christi, Duluth, Hampton Roads, Houston, Long Beach, Los
Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Tampa,
Texas City
note: 13 ports north of New Orleans (South
Louisiana Ports) on the Mississippi River handle
290,000,000 tons of cargo annually. |
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Military branches:
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Army,
Navy and Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard (Coast
Guard administered in peacetime by the Department of
Homeland Security, but in wartime reports to the
Department of the Navy) |
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Military service age and obligation:
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18 years
of age (2004) |
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Manpower available for military service:
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males
age 18-49: 67,742,879
females age 18-49: 67,070,144 (2005 est.) |
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Manpower fit for military service:
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males
age 18-49: 54,609,050
females age 18-49: 54,696,706 (2005 est.) |
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Manpower reaching military service age annually:
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males:
2,143,873
females: 2,036,201 (2005 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$370.7
billion (FY04 est.) (March 2003) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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3.3%
(FY03 est.) (February 2004) |
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Disputes - international:
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prolonged
drought, population growth, and outmoded practices and
infrastructure in the border region strains
water-sharing arrangements with Mexico; the US has
stepped up efforts to stem nationals from Mexico,
Central America, and other parts of the world from
crossing illegally into the United States from Mexico;
illegal immigrants from the Caribbean, notably Haiti and
the Dominican Republic, attempt to enter the US through
Florida by sea; 1990 Maritime Boundary Agreement in the
Bering Sea still awaits Russian Duma ratification;
managed maritime boundary disputes with Canada at Dixon
Entrance, Beaufort Sea, Strait of Juan de Fuca, and
around the disputed Machias Seal Island and North Rock;
US and Canada seek greater cooperation in monitoring
people and commodities crossing the border; The Bahamas
and US have not been able to agree on a maritime
boundary; US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased from
Cuba and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the
area can terminate the lease; Haiti claims
US-administered Navassa Island; US has made no
territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the
right to do so) and does not recognize the claims of any
other state; Marshall Islands claims Wake Island |
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Refugees and internally displaced persons:
|
refugees (country of origin): the United States
admitted 52,868 refugees during FY03/04 including:
13,331 (Somalia), 6,000 (Laos), 3,482 (Ukraine), 2,959
(Cuba), 1,787 (Iran); note - 27,239 refugees have been
admitted as of 31 May 2005 |
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Illicit drugs:
|
consumer
of cocaine shipped from Colombia through Mexico and the
Caribbean; consumer of heroin, marijuana, and
increasingly methamphetamine from Mexico; consumer of
high-quality Southeast Asian heroin; illicit producer of
cannabis, marijuana, depressants, stimulants,
hallucinogens, and methamphetamine; money-laundering
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This page was last updated on 10
January, 2006
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