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National Map
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Yemen |
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National Flag
Of |
Yemen |
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Flag Description:
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black;
similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars and
of Iraq which has three green stars (plus an Arabic
inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white
band; also similar to the flag of Egypt, which has a
heraldic eagle centered in the white band
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National Emblem(Coat Of Arms)
Of |
Yemen |
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National Anthem
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Yemen |
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Categories National Symbol Of |
Yemen |
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Also See: |
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Background:
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North
Yemen became independent of the Ottoman Empire in 1918.
The British, who had set up a protectorate area around
the southern port of Aden in the 19th century, withdrew
in 1967 from what became South Yemen. Three years later,
the southern government adopted a Marxist orientation.
The massive exodus of hundreds of thousands of Yemenis
from the south to the north contributed to two decades
of hostility between the states. The two countries were
formally unified as the Republic of Yemen in 1990. A
southern secessionist movement in 1994 was quickly
subdued. In 2000, Saudi Arabia and Yemen agreed to a
delimitation of their border. |
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Location:
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Middle
East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red
Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia |
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Geographic coordinates:
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15 00 N,
48 00 E |
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Map references:
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Middle
East |
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Area:
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total:
527,970 sq km
land: 527,970 sq km
water: 0 sq km
note: includes Perim, Socotra, the former Yemen
Arab Republic (YAR or North Yemen), and the former
People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY or South
Yemen) |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly
larger than twice the size of Wyoming |
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Land boundaries:
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total:
1,746 km
border countries: Oman 288 km, Saudi Arabia 1,458
km |
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Coastline:
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1,906 km
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the
continental margin |
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Climate:
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mostly
desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in
western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon;
extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east |
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Terrain:
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narrow
coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged
mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center
slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest
point: Arabian Sea 0 m
highest point: Jabal an Nabi Shu'ayb 3,760 m |
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Natural resources:
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petroleum, fish, rock salt, marble, small deposits of
coal, gold, lead, nickel, and copper, fertile soil in
west |
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Land use:
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arable
land: 2.78%
permanent crops: 0.24%
other: 96.98% (2001) |
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Irrigated land:
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4,900 sq
km (1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards:
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sandstorms and dust storms in summer |
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Environment - current issues:
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very
limited natural fresh water resources; inadequate
supplies of potable water; overgrazing; soil erosion;
desertification |
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Environment - international agreements:
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party
to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate
Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes,
Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected
agreements |
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Geography - note:
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strategic
location on Bab el Mandeb, the strait linking the Red
Sea and the Gulf of Aden, one of world's most active
shipping lanes |
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Population:
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20,727,063 (July 2005 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14
years: 46.5% (male 4,905,831/female 4,727,177)
15-64 years: 50.8% (male 5,364,711/female
5,172,811)
65 years and over: 2.7% (male 274,166/female
282,367) (2005 est.) |
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Median age:
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total:
16.54 years
male: 16.53 years
female: 16.56 years (2005 est.) |
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Population growth rate:
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3.45% (2005 est.) |
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Birth rate:
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43.07
births/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Death rate:
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8.53
deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at
birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/female
total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
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Infant mortality rate:
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total:
61.5 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 66.26 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 56.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2005
est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total
population: 61.75 years
male: 59.89 years
female: 63.71 years (2005 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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6.67
children born/woman (2005 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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0.1%
(2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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12,000
(2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA |
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Nationality:
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noun:
Yemeni(s)
adjective: Yemeni |
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Ethnic groups:
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predominantly Arab; but also Afro-Arab, South Asians,
Europeans |
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Religions:
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Muslim
including Shaf'i (Sunni) and Zaydi (Shi'a), small
numbers of Jewish, Christian, and Hindu |
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Languages:
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Arabic
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 50.2%
male: 70.5%
female: 30% (2003 est.) |
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Republic of Yemen
conventional short form: Yemen
local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Yamaniyah
local short form: Al Yaman
former: Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or
North Yemen] and People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
[Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen] |
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Government type:
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republic |
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Capital:
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Sanaa |
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Administrative divisions:
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19 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Abyan,
'Adan, Ad Dali', Al Bayda', Al Hudaydah, Al Jawf, Al
Mahrah, Al Mahwit, 'Amran, Dhamar, Hadramawt, Hajjah,
Ibb, Lahij, Ma'rib, Sa'dah, San'a', Shabwah, Ta'izz
note: for electoral and administrative purposes,
the capital city of Sanaa is treated as an additional
governorate |
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Independence:
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22 May 1990 (Republic of Yemen established with the
merger of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or
North Yemen] and the Marxist-dominated People's
Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South
Yemen]); note - previously North Yemen had become
independent in November of 1918 (from the Ottoman
Empire) and South Yemen had become independent on 30
November 1967 (from the UK) |
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National holiday:
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Unification Day, 22 May (1990) |
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Constitution:
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16 May 1991; amended 29 September 1994 and February 2001
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Legal system:
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based on Islamic law, Turkish law, English common law,
and local tribal customary law; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: President Ali Abdallah SALIH
(since 22 May 1990, the former president of North Yemen,
assumed office upon the merger of North and South
Yemen); Vice President Maj. Gen. Abd al-Rab Mansur al-HADI
(since 3 October 1994)
head of government: Prime Minister Abd al-Qadir
BA JAMAL (since 4 April 2001)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the
president on the advice of the prime minister
elections: president elected by direct, popular
vote for a seven-year term (recently extended from a
five-year term by constitutional amendment); election
last held 23 September 1999 (next to be held September
2006); vice president appointed by the president; prime
minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the
president
election results: Ali Abdallah SALIH elected
president; percent of vote - Ali Abdallah SALIH 96.3%,
Najib Qahtan AL-SHAABI 3.7%; note - elections for
governate and district councils were held for the first
time in February 2001 (next to be held September 2006
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Legislative branch:
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a new constitutional amendment ratified on 20 February
2001 created a bicameral legislature consisting of a
Shura Council (111 seats; members appointed by the
president) and a House of Representatives (301 seats;
members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms)
elections: last held 27 April 2003 (next to be
held NA April 2009)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%;
seats by party - GPC 228, Islah 47, YSP 7, Nasserite
Unionist Party 3, National Arab Socialist Ba'th Party 2,
independents 14 |
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court |
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Political parties and leaders:
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there are more than 12 political parties active in
Yemen, some of the more prominent are: General People's
Congress or GPC [President Ali Abdallah SALIH]; Islamic
Reform Grouping or Islah [Shaykh Abdallah bin Husayn al-AHMAR];
Nasserite Unionist Party [Abdel Malik al-MAKHLAFI];
National Arab Socialist Ba'th Party [Dr. Qassim SALAAM];
Yemeni Socialist Party or YSP [Ali Salih MUQBIL]
note: President SALIH's General People's Congress
or GPC won a landslide victory in the April 1997
legislative election and no longer governs in coalition
with Shaykh Abdallah bin Husayn al-AHMAR's Islamic
Reform Grouping or Islah - the two parties had been in
coalition since the end of the civil war in 1994; the
YSP, a loyal opposition party, represents the remnants
of the former South Yemeni leadership; leaders of the
1994 secessionist movement have been pardoned by
President SALIH and some are now returning to Yemen from
exile |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA |
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International organization participation:
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AFESD, AMF, CAEU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt
(signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent),
ITU, LAS, MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, ONUB,
OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIS, UNOCI,
UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO (observer)
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Abd al-Wahab
Abdallah al-HAJRI
chancery: 2319 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC
20008
telephone: [1] (202) 965-4760
FAX: [1] (202) 337-2017 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas C. KRAJESKI
embassy: Sa'awan Street, Sanaa
mailing address: P. O. Box 22347, Sanaa
telephone: [967] (1) 755-2000 ext. 2153 or 2266
FAX: [967] (1) 303-182 |
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Flag description:
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three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and
black; similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green
stars and of Iraq which has three green stars (plus an
Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the
white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt, which has
a heraldic eagle centered in the white band |
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Economy - overview:
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Yemen,
one of the poorest countries in the Arab world, has
reported meager growth since 2000. Its economic fortunes
depend mostly on oil. In 2005 oil revenues increased due
to higher prices. Yemen was on an IMF-supported
structural adjustment program designed to modernize and
streamline the economy, which led to substantial foreign
debt relief and restructuring. However government
dedication to the program waned in 2001 for political
reasons. Yemen is struggling to control excessive
spending and rampant corruption. The population has
grown increasingly upset over the economic situation. In
July 2005 a reduction in fuel subsidies sparked riots in
which over 20 Yemenis were killed and hundreds were
injured. |
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$17.2
billion (2005 est.) |
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GDP (official exchange rate):
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$14.1
billion (2005 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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2.5%
(2005 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $800 (2005 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 13.3%
industry: 47.9%
services: 38.8% (2005 est.) |
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Labor force:
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5.83
million (2005 est.) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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most
people are employed in agriculture and herding;
services, construction, industry, and commerce account
for less than one-fourth of the labor force |
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Unemployment rate:
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35% (2003
est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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45.2%
(2003) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest
10%: 3%
highest 10%: 25.9% (2003) |
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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33.4
(1998) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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9.6%
(2005 est.) |
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Investment (gross fixed):
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14.3% of
GDP (2005 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $5.616 billion
expenditures: $5.719 billion, including capital
expenditures of NA (2005 est.) |
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Public debt:
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35.9% of
GDP (2005 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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grain,
fruits, vegetables, pulses, qat (mildly narcotic shrub),
coffee, cotton; dairy products, livestock (sheep, goats,
cattle, camels), poultry; fish |
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Industries:
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crude oil
production and petroleum refining; small-scale
production of cotton textiles and leather goods; food
processing; handicrafts; small aluminum products
factory; cement; commercial ship repair |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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3% (2003
est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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3.848
billion kWh (2003 est.) |
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Electricity - consumption:
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2.827
billion kWh (2003 est.) |
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh
(2003) |
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh
(2003) |
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Oil - production:
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387,500
bbl/day (2005 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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80,000
bbl/day (2003 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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370,300
bbl/day (2003) |
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Oil - imports:
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NA (2001)
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Oil - proved reserves:
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4.37
billion bbl (2005 est.) |
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Natural gas - production:
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0 cu m
(2003 est.) |
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Natural gas - consumption:
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0 cu m
(2003 est.) |
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Natural gas - exports:
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0 cu m
(2003 est.) |
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Natural gas - imports:
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0 cu m
(2003 est.) |
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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480
billion cu m (2005) |
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Current account balance:
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$1.282
billion (2005 est.) |
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Exports:
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$6.387
billion f.o.b. (2005 est.) |
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Exports - partners:
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Thailand
33.8%, China 30.3%, Singapore 7.8% (2004) |
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Imports:
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$4.19
billion f.o.b. (2005 est.) |
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Imports - partners:
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UAE
12.2%, Saudi Arabia 9.7%, China 8.8%, France 7.3%, India
4.4%, US 4.4%, Kuwait 4.2% (2004) |
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Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
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$5.858
billion (2005 est.) |
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Debt - external:
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$5.689
billion (2005 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$2.3
billion (2003-07 disbursements) (2003-07 disbursements)
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Currency (code):
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Yemeni
rial (YER) |
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Exchange rates:
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Yemeni
rials per US dollar - 192.67 (2005), 184.78 (2004),
183.45 (2003), 175.63 (2002), 168.67 (2001) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar
year |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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542,200
(2002) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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411,100
(2002) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: since unification in 1990,
efforts have been made to create a national
telecommunications network
domestic: the national network consists of
microwave radio relay, cable, tropospheric scatter, and
GSM cellular mobile telephone systems
international: country code - 967; satellite
earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Indian Ocean and 1
Atlantic Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region),
and 2 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and
Djibouti |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 6, FM
1, shortwave 2 (1998) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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7 (plus
several low-power repeaters) (1997) |
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Internet country code:
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.ye |
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Internet hosts:
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138
(2004) |
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Internet users:
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100,000
(2002) |
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Airports:
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44 (2004
est.) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total:
16
over 3,047 m: 4
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 1
under 914 m: 1 (2005 est.) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total:
29
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
1,524 to 2,437 m: 4
914 to 1,523 m: 11
under 914 m: 4 (2005 est.) |
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Pipelines:
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gas 88
km; oil 1,174 km (2004) |
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Roadways:
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total:
67,000 km
paved: 7,705 km
unpaved: 59,295 km (1999 est.) |
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Merchant marine:
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total:
5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 19,766 GRT/24,794 DWT
by type: cargo 1, chemical tanker 1, petroleum
tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1
registered in other countries: 2 (2005) |
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Ports and terminals:
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Aden,
Nishtun |
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Military branches:
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Army
(includes Special Forces), Naval Forces and Coastal
Defenses (includes Marines), Air Force (includes Air
Defense Forces), Republican Guard (2002) |
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Military service age and obligation:
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18 years of age for compulsory military service;
conscript service obligation - 2 years (2004) |
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Manpower available for military service:
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males age 18-49: 4,058,223 (2005 est.) |
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Manpower fit for military service:
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males
age 18-49: 2,790,705 (2005 est.) |
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Manpower reaching military service age annually:
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males: 236,517 (2005 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$885.5 million (2003) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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7.8% (2003) |
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Military - note:
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a Coast
Guard was established in 2002 |
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Disputes - international:
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Yemen
protests Eritrea fishing around the Hanish Islands
awarded to Yemen by the ICJ in 1999; despite resistance
from nomadic groups, the demarcation of the Saudi
Arabia-Yemen boundary established under the 2000 Jeddah
Treaty is almost complete; Yemen protests Saudi erection
of a concrete-filled pipe as a security barrier in 2004
to stem illegal cross-border activities in sections of
the boundary |
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Refugees and internally displaced persons:
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refugees (country of origin): 60,901 (Somalia)
(2004) |
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